growth differentiation factor 15  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Circulating GDF15 levels increase in individuals with PBH after a mixed meal (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 individuals with PBH, 15 asymptomatic (Asx) individuals, and 10 overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) controls at 0, 30, and 120 min during a mixed-meal test. (B) Plasma glucose measured by yellow springs instruments (YSI). (C) Glucose nadir. (D–G) Plasma insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, and GDF15 measured by ELISA. (H–P) Pearson correlation analyses between GDF15 and plama glucose (H–J), insulin (K–M), and GLP-1 (N–P) at fasting state, 30 min, and 120 min after meal digestion. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are elevated in PBH individuals during hypoglycemia induced by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob patients at time 0, 40, 90, 110, and 120 min during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp. (B) Plasma glucose. (C) Plasma epinephrine. (D) Plasma norepinephrine. (E) Plasma GDF15. (F–H) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (I–K) Pearson correlation between epinephrine and GDF15. For all panels, asterisks denote significant difference between PBH vs. Ow/Ob (blue color), between PBH vs. Asx (green), or between PBH vs. Asx (orange). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing correlations between GDF15 levels and hypoglycemia symptoms (Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale) during the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp An asterisk (∗) indicates a significant correlation between the symptom and GDF15 levels during the hypoglycemic clamp (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05). Data include 15 individuals with PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob, assessed at 0, 40, 90, and 110 min.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are increased with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and exogenous GDF15 inhibits food intake after meal-stimulated hypoglycemia (A) Experimental design for (B and C) ( n = 10 per group). (B and C) (B) Blood glucose and (C) plasma GDF15. (D–F) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (G) Schematic of the insulin-augmented mixed meal tolerance test ( n = 5 per group). (H and I) (H) Blood glucose and (I) body weight after GDF15 or saline treatment. (J) Blood glucose in male mice ( n = 5 per group). (K) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in male mice. (L) Blood glucose in female mice ( n = 5 per group). (M) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in female mice. In all panels, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Data are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Saline, Comparison